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PROF. DR.KORAY COŞKUNFIRATPLASTIC, RECONSTRUCTIVE AND AESTHETIC SURGERY Appointments
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BREAST SURGERY

Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is the enlargement of mammary gland tissue in men. The contribution of fat and possible hormonal or drug-related causes are evaluated before the surgical decision.

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Prof. Dr. Koray Coşkunfırat is smiling at his desk in his office.
Prof. Dr. Koray Coşkunfırat is in his office.

Overview

Enlargement of the male breast may be associated with an increase in mammary gland tissue, fatty tissue, or both. Gynecomastia can be seen unilaterally or bilaterally and may be accompanied by tenderness. In the evaluation, time of onset, speed of change, use of medication and supplements, and hormonal reasons deemed necessary are investigated. Not every growth is treated with the same technique. In case of excess fat, liposuction, direct removal of gland tissue and additional adjustment of skin laxity may be considered. If there is a new mass, nipple discharge or skin change, a medical examination should be performed first. The aim of the surgical plan is to balance the breast contour while reducing excess tissue.

What is evaluated?

  • Questioning the duration of growth, pain, rapid change, mass or discharge.
  • Examination of the contribution of the mammary gland and fatty tissue, excess skin and asymmetry.
  • Evaluation of medications, anabolic steroids, supplements and, if necessary, hormonal or systemic causes.

Approach and options

  • If excess fat is prominent, liposuction techniques can be considered.
  • If there is significant glandular tissue, direct removal can be planned along with liposuction if necessary.
  • In advanced skin laxity, skin removal and regulation of the nipple position may be discussed.

Recovery and follow-up

Recommendations for support clothing, dressing, and drain care when necessary are followed. Swelling and hardness in the breast may affect the shape for a while. Chest exercises and return to heavy lifting are determined by check-ups. Arrangements regarding the underlying cause or medications are made with the relevant physician; Prescription medications are not stopped on their own.

Risks and limits

  • Depression, contour irregularity or residual asymmetry.
  • Bleeding, hematoma and fluid accumulation.
  • Change in nipple sensation and wound healing problem.
  • Need for additional treatment due to scarring, infection, or regrowth.

The headings here do not cover all risks. Possible benefits, alternatives and personal risks should be discussed in detail during the examination.

You can ask in the consultation

  • How much of the growth is due to fat and how much to glandular tissue?
  • Are there any drug or hormonal reasons that need to be investigated before surgery?
  • Will glandular tissue removal or skin reshaping be needed, and where will the scars be?

Resources

Access to sources: September 2026. The content has been prepared for general information purposes.

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